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Hemming I (died 812) was a king in Denmark from 810 until his death. He was the successor of King Gudfred, his uncle.〔(Stewart Baldwin, "Kings of the Danes prior to 887" )〕 ==Family== Hemming I is mentioned in the Royal Frankish Annals as son to an unnamed brother of Gudfred. Though ''Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum'' by Adam of Bremen considers Hemming and Gudfred to be "patruelis", paternal cousins.〔 Gudfred had several sons who served as co-rulers of the Danes. However, they are typically called "sons of Gudfred" without mention of their names or personal histories. The sole exception was Horik I who seems to have survived his siblings and was sole ruler by 827. They can all be considered paternal cousins of Hemming.〔 Another nephew of Gudfred, Reginold, is mentioned in the Royal Frankish Annals. He is also identified as son to an unnamed brother of Gudfred. He could be a sibling to Hemming. Assuming Gudfred had more than one sibling, Hemming and Reginold could also be paternal first cousins.〔〔 Reginold appears in an 808 entry detailing a campaign of Gudfred against the Obotrites. Gudfred reportedly "made two-thirds of the Obodrites tributary. But he lost the best and most battle-tested of his soldiers. With them he lost Reginold, his brother's son, who was killed at the siege of a town along with a great number of Danish nobles."〔"Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories" (1970), translation by Bernhard Walter Scholz, page 88〕 Hemming had two siblings identified in the Annals, Hankwin and Angandeo. Sigifrid, one of his two rival successors on the throne, is also mentioned as a nephew of Gudfred. He could also be either a sibling or cousin to Hemming.〔〔 Less clear is the relation of Hemming to the other rival successor, Anulo, and to the siblings of Anulo. Adam of Bremen considered Sigifrid and Anulo to be members of the same family, identifying both as nephews of Gudfred. The relation does not appear in the Royal Annals. However, there is an obscure phrase of the Annals which could support the relation.〔 "Anulo, the nephew of Heriold and of the former king".〔"Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories" (1970), translation by Bernhard Walter Scholz, page 94〕 The vague Latin phrase "Herioldi, et ipsius regis"〔(The Latin Library:"Annales Regni Francorum", 812 entry )〕 has been translated variously as "Harald, and the king himself" and "Harald, previous king".〔 Conversely, this could mean Anulo was "nepos" of both the senior Harald and the other King mentioned in the same phrase, Hemming. Various attempts have been made to harmonize these kings from the Frankish annals with the legendary kings found in the accounts of traditional historians such as Saxo Grammaticus and the sagas. ''History of the Northmen, or Danes and Normans, from the earliest times to the Conquest'' (1831) by Henry Wheaton suggested that Hemming was a direct descendant of Ragnar Lodbrok, equating Sigefrid of the annals with Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye, the traditional son of Lothbrok, while making successor Gudfrid Sigurd's brother.〔"Ragnar Lodbrok, who, from the throne of Lethra, swayed the united realms of the Danes and the Sviar, led the warlike youth of the North, in the train of his distant expeditions to the borders of Sweden and the coasts of England. His name even seems to have been unknown to the Franks, thought it afterwards became their terror in the person of another prince. His son Sigurd Snogöje, king of Jutland, took up arms against in the latter part of the eighth century. Peace was afterwards concluded between him and Charles, and Sigurd extended his Sway over all Jutland, Scania, Halland, and a part of Norway. Sigurd fell in battle, and was succeeded in Jutland by his brother, Gudröd, called by the Franks, Godfrid, who as guardian of the young Harde-Knud became regent of all Denmark. In the peace which Charlemagne subsequently concluded with Hemming, son of Sigurd, and nephew of Gudröd, that politic conqueror did not attempt to impose Christianity upon the Danes, which could have been rejected by them as a badge of slavery." Henry Wheaton, "History of the Northmen, or Danes and Normans, from the earliest times to the Conquest" (1831), pages 173-174〕 An alternative reconstruction would make Gudfred identical to the Gudröd of Ynglingatal, semi-legendary king of Vestfold and himself son of Halfdan the Mild, who would then be the grandfather of Hemming.〔Henry H. Howorth, "Early Intercourse of the Danes and Franks", ''Transactions of the Royal Historical Society'', 6:147-182 (1877). This approach is followed by ''Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten'' (1978) by Detlev Schwennicke, which identifies the father of Hemming as "Sigurd" and reports him killed in the battle of Bardowick (810). Charles Cawley considers this connection to lack support from primary sources. ''Europäische Stammtafeln'' further suggests Halfdan the Mild to be a sibling to "Sigefrid, first King of Hedeby", "Harald, second King of Hedeby" (identified as paternal grandfather to Anulo and his siblings), and Geva, wife of Widukind. 〕 Other scholars reject these identifications and the legends to which they attempt to link, only crediting the annals as representing authentic history.〔〔Donnchadh Ó Corráin, "High-kings, Vikings and other kings", ''Irish Historical Studies'', 21:283-323 (1979); R. W. McTurk, "Ragnarr Loðbrók in the Irish Annals?", in ''Proceedings of the Seventh Viking Congress'' (1976), pages 93-123〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hemming of Denmark」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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